Routine Hematologic Indices as Scalable Biomarkers for Frailty: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

To systematically evaluate the associations of albumin-based biomarkers, including the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR/hsCAR), neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR), lactate-to-albumin ratio (LAR), and C-reactive protein–albumin–lymphocyte (CALLY) index, with mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and to compare their prognostic and discriminative performance.