Physiological Biomarkers for Assessment of Pain during Routine Blood Tests for Older Adults with Dementia in Long-Term Residential Care

Evaluating pain in individuals with dementia can be difficult when verbal communication is limited. Vocalization has emerged as a potential avenue for assessments of pain in nonverbal populations. This study aimed to evaluate if physiological assessments of vocalization were correlated with observational assessments of pain during routine blood tests for persons with dementia.