Burden and Impact of Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) in Older Adults in Long-Term Care Settings

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is characterized by abnormal, involuntary, and repetitive movements of the face, tongue, jaw, trunk, or extremities. It is one of the multiple drug-induced movement disorders caused by dopamine-receptor blocking agents (DRBAs). DRBAs include both first- and second-generation antipsychotics and antiemetic medications such as metoclopramide and promethazine. It is estimated that over 600,000 people are living with TD in the United States (“Tardive Dyskinesia,” Mental Health America [MHA], Oct.