Associations Between Prefrailty or Frailty Components and Clinical Outcomes in Heart Failure: A Follow-up Meta-analysis

Recently, we received a letter concerning our recently published systematic review and meta-analysis on frailty and clinical outcomes in heart failure,1 to which we responded.2 It was suggested that a detailed analysis on the effects of prefrailty, and individual frailty components, on adverse outcomes in heart failure patients would provide additional insights, with which we fully agree. We now present the follow-up meta-analyses. Using the search results of our previously published meta-analysis,1 we found that 3 studies3–5 reported prefrailty, which was defined as meeting 1 or 2 of the 5 Fried criteria,5 deficit index between 0.23 and 0.32,4 or meeting 0 or 1 of the 7 criteria in the frailty staging system.