Prognosis of Frailty in Patients With Heart Failure

I read with interest the recent article in this journal written by Zhang et al.1 The authors conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of frailty on prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). By using 20 articles, they found adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] of frailty for all-cause mortality and hospitalization of 1.59 (1.39-1.82) and 1.31 (1.21-1.42), respectively. In addition, HR (95% CI) of ventricular assist device implantation in patients with advanced HF for all-cause mortality was 1.62 (1.35-1.94).